Basic Life Support (BLS) Practice Exam

The condition indicated by an adult patient who is not breathing, lacks a central pulse, and has no life-threatening bleeding is cardiac arrest. In this scenario, the absence of breathing and a central pulse signals that the heart is not effectively pumping blood. Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning, leading to a cessation of circulation and, subsequently, a lack of oxygen reaching vital organs. In such a situation, the patient requires immediate intervention, typically through cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and, if available, defibrillation to restore a normal heart rhythm. Recognizing the signs of cardiac arrest is crucial, as prompt action significantly increases the chances of survival. Other conditions mentioned, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and unresponsive hypoglycemia, present different symptoms or signs. A myocardial infarction may lead to chest pain and other specific symptoms but does not necessarily indicate a complete stop in breathing or pulse. A stroke would typically result in noticeable neurological deficits rather than the absence of vital signs. Unresponsive hypoglycemia would usually manifest with altered levels of consciousness and possibly some breathing, rather than the complete absence of both breathing and pulse.